Fault zone hydrogeology in arid environments: The origin of cold springs in the Wadi Araba Basin,Egypt     

Mahmoud M. Khalil  Kay Hamer  Thomas Pichler  Abotalib Z. Abotalib 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14176

The role of faults in controlling groundwater flow in the Sahara and most of the hyper-arid deserts is poorly understood due to scarcity of hydrological data. The Wadi Araba Basin (WAB), in the Eastern Sahara, is highly affected by folds and faults associated with Senonian tectonics and Paleogene rifting. Using the WAB as a test site, satellite imagery, aeromagnetic maps, field observations, isotopic and geochemical data were examined to unravel the structural control on groundwater flow dynamics in the Sahara. Analysis of satellite imagery indicated that springs occur along structurally controlled scarps. Isotopic data suggested that cold springs in the WAB showed a striking similarity with the Sinai Nubian aquifer system (NAS) water and the thermal springs along the Gulf of Suez (e.g., δ¹⁸O = −8.01‰ to −5.24‰ and δD = −53.09‰ to −31.12‰) demonstrating similar recharge sources. The findings advocated that cold springs in the WAB represent a natural discharge from a previously undefined aquifer in the Eastern Desert of Egypt rather than infiltrated precipitation over the plateaus surrounding the WAB or through hydrologic windows from deep crystalline basement flow. A complex role of the geological structures was inferred including: (1) channelling of the groundwater flow along low-angle faults, (2) compartmentalization of the groundwater flow upslope from high-angle faults, and (3) reduction of the depth to the main aquifer in a breached anticline setting, which resulted in cold spring discharge temperatures (13–22°C). Our findings emphasize on the complex role of faults and folds in controlling groundwater flow, which should be taken into consideration in future examination of aquifer response to climate variability in the Sahara and similar deserts worldwide.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of granitic rocks of the Jabal Sabir area,South Taiz City,Yemen Republic     

Rasmy I.El-Gharbawy 《中国地球化学学报》2011,30(2):193-203

The Tertiary granitic intrusive body(～21 Ma) of the Jabal Sabir area was emplaced during the early stages of the Red Sea opening.This intrusive body occupies the southern sector of Taiz City.It is triangular in shape,affected by two major faults,one of which is in parallel to the Gulf of Aden,and the other is in parallel to the eastern margin of the Red Sea coast.The petrogenesis of such a type of intrusion provides additional information on the origin of the Oligo-Miocene magmatic activity in relation to the rifting tectonics and evolution of this part of the Arabian Shield.The granitic body of Jabal Sabir belongs to the alkaline or peralkaline suite of A-type granites.It is enriched in the REE.The tight bundle plot of its REE pattern reflects neither tectonism nor metamorphism.This granite body is characterized by high alkali(8.7%-10.13%),high-field strength elements(HFSE),but low Sr and Ba and high Zn contents.The abundance of xenoliths from the neighboring country rocks and prophyritic texture of the Jabal Sabir granite body indicate shallow depths of intrusion.The major and trace elements data revealed a fractional crystallization origin,probably with small amounts of crustal contamination.It is interpreted that the Jabal Sabir intrusion represents an anorogenic granite pertaining to the A-type,formed in a within-plate environment under an extensional tectonic setting pertaining to rift-related granites.  相似文献   

The Neoproterozoic layered mafic–ultramafic intrusion of Gabal Imleih, south Sinai, Egypt: Implications of post-collisional magmatism in the north Arabian–Nubian Shield     

M.K. Azer  R.I. El-Gharbawy 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2011,60(4):253-272

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A discrete numerical approach for modeling face stability in slurry shield tunnelling in soft soils     

Z.X. Zhang  X.Y. Hu  Kieffer D. Scott 《Computers and Geotechnics》2011

In this paper, a numerical simulation method for evaluating tunnelling-induced ground movement is presented. The method involves discrete element simulation of TBM slurry shield advancement and considers explicitly soil excavation from the face, effects of varying face support pressure, and the influence of tunnel cover depth. For the cases studied, it is found that for tunnel cover depths (C/D) between 0.7 and 2.1, ground deformations inducing by the tunnelling can be controlled within a certain extent and tunnel face stability can ensured, provided the support pressure ratio (N) lies between 0.8 and 1.5. The proposed method is reasonably benefited to modeling the face stability in shield-driven tunnels in soft soils.  相似文献   

盾构隧道纵向等效弯曲刚度的简化计算模型及影响因素分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

钟小春  张金荣  秦建设  朱伟 《岩土力学》2011,32(1):132-136

盾构法隧道在国内的应用越来越广泛,早期建造的盾构隧道在工后沉降较大时出现较大的纵向变形问题,考虑隧道结构特征的设计模型及其刚度计算逐渐得到重视。在考虑管片螺栓等结构特征基础上,建立可考虑环缝张开的三维纵向结构计算模型。研究结果表明,与管片环接缝相关的影响因素,如螺栓的数量、螺栓的预紧力以及管片环宽度对纵向弯曲刚度有效率影响较大,随着纵向螺栓数量和管片环宽度的增加而线性增加,随着螺栓预紧力的增加而非线性快速增加,而管片环的横向弯曲刚度有效率影响较小。研究成果为盾构隧道纵向设计提供了关键参数。  相似文献   

An elasto‐plastic three phase model for partially saturated soil for the finite element simulation of compressed air support in tunnelling     

F. Nagel  G. Meschke 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(6):605-625

This paper presents a fully coupled finite element formulation for partially saturated soil as a triphasic porous material, which has been developed for the simulation of shield tunnelling with heading face support using compressed air. While for many numerical simulations in geotechnics use of a two‐phase soil model is sufficient, the simulation of compressed air support demands the use of a three‐phase model with the consideration of air as a separate phase. A multiphase model for soft soils is developed, in which the individual constituents of the soil—the soil skeleton, the fluid and the gaseous phase—and their interactions are considered. The triphasic model is formulated within the framework of the theory of porous media, based upon balance equations and constitutive relations for the soil constituents and their mixture. An elasto‐plastic, cam–clay type model is extended to partially saturated soil conditions by incorporating capillary pressure according to the Barcelona basic model. The hydraulic properties of the soil are described via DARCY 's law and the soil–water characteristic curve after VAN GENUCHTEN . Water is modelled as an incompressible and air as a compressible phase. The model is validated by means of selected benchmark problems. The applicability of the model to geotechnical problems is demonstrated by results from the simulation of a compressed air intervention in shield tunnelling. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

盾构机自动导向系统坐标解算及实现效果分析     

黄小斌  方杰  崔福义 《测绘信息与工程》2010,35(6):32-33

分析了日本演算工房盾构机自动导向系统,提出其坐标解算原理,并进行了实现效果分析。  相似文献   

An improved method for correction of air temperature measured using different radiation shields     

Xinghong Cheng  Debin Su  Deping Li  Lu Chen  Wenjing Xu  Meilin Yang  Yongcheng Li  Zhizhong Yue  Zijing Wang 《大气科学进展》2014,31(6):1460-1468

The variation of air temperature measurement errors using two different radiation shields （DTR502B Vaisala,Finland,and HYTFZ01,Huayun Tongda Satcom,China） was studied.Datasets were collected in the field at the Daxing weather station in Beijing from June 2011 to May 2012.Most air temperature values obtained with these two commonly used radiation shields were lower than the reference records obtained with the new Fiber Reinforced Polymers （FRP） Stevenson screen.In most cases,the air temperature errors when using the two devices were smaller on overcast and rainy days than on sunny days; and smaller when using the imported rather than the Chinese shield.The measured errors changed sharply at sunrise and sunset,and reached maxima at noon.Their diurnal variation characteristics were,naturally,related to changes in solar radiation.The relationships between the record errors,global radiation,and wind speed were nonlinear.An improved correction method was proposed based on the approach described by Nakamura and Mahrt （2005） （NM05）,in which the impact of the solar zenith angle （SZA） on the temperature error is considered and extreme errors due to changes in SZA can be corrected effectively.Measurement errors were reduced significantly after correction by either method for both shields.The error reduction rate using the improved correction method for the Chinese and imported shields were 3.3％ and 40.4％ higher than those using the NM05 method,respectively.  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000340     

Suman Kilaru  Bandaru Karunakar  Goud Vijay  Kumar Rao 《地学前缘(英文版)》2013,4(6):717-728

Regional surface gravity data and global satellite magnetic data have been utilized to generate a preliminary model of the crustal structure along a southwest-northeast profile （Gadra-Fatehpur） through western Rajasthan.The study area represents the western part of the Indian continental landmass which has undergone several major episodes of repeated subduction/collision,plume traces and rifting from Archaean to recent times.The temporal and spatial relationship between the various geotectonic provinces is quite complex,thereby limiting the emergence of a suitable crustal structure model for this region.Exposures of the Malani Igneous Suite （MIS）,a product of bimodal volcanism （～780 Ma）,and considered to be the third largest felsic magmatic province of the world,is evident along the profile and also to the southwest of the study area.The easternmost part of the profile is close to the DAFB （Delhi Aravalli Fold Belt）,a Proterozoic orogenic belt.This study probes the geometry of the different crustal units in terms of density and susceptibility variations in order to decipher the imprints of the major tectonic processes the region has undergone.In order to decipher the crustal geometry of the Gadra-Fatehpur profile,two NW-SE gravity and magnetic profile vertical sections （A-A＇ in the south and B-B＇ in the north） are modelled on the basis of the constraints provided from previous seismic models.The crustal model of the Gadra-Fatehpur profile is composed of alluvium,Tertiary sediments,MIS,Marwar Supergroup,low-density layers （LDLs） and the middle-lower crustal layers,with a distinct change in configuration from the southwest to northeast.The Moho dips from SW to NE,the MIS in the SW gives way to the thick pile of the Marwar Supergroup to the NE.The evolution of MIS has been suggested to have occurred as a consequence of delamination of the upper mantle.LDLs are incorporated in Gadra-Fatehpur model.In the SW,LDL （2550 kg/m3） lies below the MIS in the NE,another LDL （2604 kg/m3） is depicted below the mid-crustal layer.  相似文献   

大坡度并小半径曲线盾构连续穿越建筑群沉降施工控制          下载免费PDF全文

吴涛 《探矿工程》2013,40(11):76-80

以天津地铁三号线水上北路站一吴家窑站盾构区间左线施工为背景,针对盾构施工区间遇到的大坡度并小半径曲线且连续穿越建（构）筑群盾构施工的综合难题,利用施工过程中积累的各种数据,采用归纳总结分析和数理统计的方法,分析了地面建筑物沉降与地质、推力、注浆、纠偏等参数的关系,得出了影响建筑物沉降的因素主要为曲线和纠偏时的超挖、推进速度、注浆参数及注浆方法,总结了控制地面建筑物沉降的管理与技术措施。  相似文献